Estonian Braille Handbook (2011)

Estonian Language Foundation

Tartu 2011

Thanks to the Ministry of Education and Research

National programme "Estonian Language and Cultural memory"; Gambling Tax Council

Language editor Argo Mund

The compilers of the manual, Anneli Nellis, Ilona Tars, Kadri Kutsar, Monica the Lion, Julia Trofimova, Vello Vart

Forward

The Estonian Point of Braille Handbook is the first Estonia. The need for such a book has been known for many years and the Estonian Braille Standard has been discussed in Several working groups. Concrete Preparation In 2008, the Estonian Language Institute started work In the Braille committee. The Commission included representatives from the Estonian Institute of The Estonian Library of the blind, the visually impaired children, the From Tartu's Emajõgi School and Estonian Blind Union.

We are pleased to note that the Estonian braille Guide for a thorough description. The print-ready material was The support of the national programme "Estonian Language and Cultural Memory" in 2011 Tartu "Letter Development for the Blind" to the project "Emajõgi School". The acknowledgements of the programme are the subject of the Project participants and all stakeholders and Assistants. Special thanks to the Institute of Estonian language for supporting printing.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction

This handbook is intended for Braille users and for Braille makers. The Handbook is in Estonia The use of Braille characters, the production of Braille Guidelines and recommendations for adapting teaching materials. The handbook finds the descriptions and explanations of braille signs, How to use them in different subjects, such as Estonian, English, Russian, German, French, Mathematics, physics, Chemistry, music, etc.

2. In Braille

Braille is a letter that can be read by fingers of embossed dots for the blind. The six-point script system, which is used today, was presented by the blind Frenchman Louis Braille 1829. In Estonia, Braille was formally introduced in 1883 Tallinn Blind School (A. Kals 1999). The Braille system allows the blind to read and write, thus ensuring better access to information.

Braille is based on the so-called "six-point", which consists of two A three-point column. Braille letters and other characters are formed Different relief combinations. Point Combination Points are meaningless: from top to bottom Points 1, 2, 3 and right from top to bottom (points 4), (5), (6). These Six points allow to form a 63 combination of the Points, which are highlighted in relief (64. The combination is a space, i.e. no point is embossed. E.g Note a corresponds to the upper left-hand point of relief or point 1. To mark all the necessary characters, it is not enough 63 Combination of two or three characters in a row to represent the characters, for example, In mathematics).

Estonian Braille uses the international letter pattern. The main the same language; Characters specific to this language are added, such as Letters) and special characters.

Braille written to thicker paper. The computer is overwritten with a Braille printer. The oldest method is The use of the relevant whiteboard and a special writing tool, Stylus. The recommended height of the points is 0.5 mm. normal text change The xy (scatter) message fits one line less than half of the normal letter Lines. Braille is a spell, so reading it is approximately twice as Slower than reading a standard letter.

Braille is constantly evolving. Modern Braille encode after The abbreviations, e.g. in English, 189 the acronym. In English no abbreviations are used at the moment. Scientific literature Are created for their own use in mathematics and Science. The characters needed for music writing were Out already L. Braille. A six-point letter has been developed with an eight-point Where there are two more points added to the six points. Such This is primarily used with the work computers on Braille displays. The point of fact, however, has not been lost today, even though its New Writing and Reading devices for blindness, e.g. sound recordings, computers Screen-reader programs, etc. It is particularly important to have a Braille Because you use only Braille, you can blind an exact and sentences.

Braille allows people with a visually impaired to mark their Necessary items: Audio books, music recordings, solids Etc. Importance of Braille

Letters


Alphabet: Roman Letters plus:
HexCharacterASCIIBrailleStatusNameDusci
00E4ä>>oka with diaeresis|132
00F5õ<<oko with tilde|245|117
00F6ö[[oko with diaeresis|148
00FCü\\oku with diaeresis|129
0161š::oks with caron|178|145
017Ež!!okz with caron|178|174

Punctuation and Special Marks