Foreword

Has been since the production of Braille books in Braille Press Zurich was added, have in addition to the international agreements for various schemes Arise in the application of mathematics font Switzerland through practice and proven. this were last in 1996 in the third edition of the Guide Dorota Pograniczna: Elements of Math font updated.

Following the decisions of the Braille Commission of German speaking countries was given in January 1998 a new framework of the German Braille its validity. (The system of the German Braille published as part 1 in the series Marburg System of Braille). With the introduction of the new Braille rules the desire and originated Need both these foundations as well as the now developed improvements in incorporate the application of mathematics font in Switzerland in a new framework. Ouli-Minna Elgorriaga-Piippo and Benedict Hotz of the Department of Mathematics and Science of the publisher Braille Press Zurich have this task in adopted kindly gave and drafted this manual.

Mathematics for the blind, A Handbook is a revision of the previous work elements of mathematics font and replaces it. In addition to smaller Adjustments are substantial changes in the chapters:

• Identification of Latin lowercase letters (letters see P. 19)
• uppercase notation for lines, vectors, etc. (see Geometry page 9).

Incidentally, math font support for the blind remains basically the International Mathematics for the blind (Marburg System of Braille; 6) and builds on the formulated there international regulations, as well as on the system of the German Braille on.

Zurich, in autumn 2000

Braille Press Zurich

How to Use the Book

This set of rules is based on knowledge of the German Braille. it is distinction between mathematical and literary Braille. Here only the Treated systematics of mathematical Braille. For literary Braille, we also use the term ?? text ?? as juxtaposition to mathematics font. Only those deviating from the scheme of the German Braille mathematical notations declared as the spelling of the Units or the Handling of flag character for drawers.

The executive summary at the beginning of the book includes a claimed mathematical subregions structured overview for reference. The subsequent chapters deal almost Transfer rules, which are supplemented by more detailed examples. For better readability, we use the following four font types:

• Observations: abc, ABC, 12345
• Examples: abc, ABC, 12345
• Braille: abc, ABC, 12345
• ASCII-braille: abc, ABC, 12345

For different word symbols such as max, min, const etc. were in this book conventional zweiformigen characters. You can also abbreviations such as be treated (see p.19 letters).

List of Symbols

The character ⌂ means a space in this location.

Trig and Misc Functions

Other Material

Units of measurement

Indicators

Examples

Fractions

Number fraction: number sign, first number, second number in the lower position

Fraction with a slash (in-line) dots 5,1256 for the slash

Spatial fraction Line: use dots 1256 to show the division line; If there is a space in the numerator, preceed the numerator with dots 23; If there is a space in the denominator, end the denominator with dots 56

Nemeth	Braille	Name	Page Ref.
1/3	#a3	Purely Numeric fraction (in-line or not)	12 (pdf page 14)
x"/y	x"\y	in-line fraction	12 (pdf page 14)
?x+y/z#	2x@6y\z	Condensed fraction	12 (pdf page 14)
?x+y/z-y#	2x @6y \ z -y;	Non-condensed fraction	12 (pdf page 14)

Sample of displayed fraction, image, Nemeth, then Marburg braille. From page 15 (pdf page 17)

------

444 aus dem ,b]ei* d] ,polynome und d] ra;nal5 ,funk;n5 
 f(t) .k ?a;n"t^n"+a;n-1"t&n-1 444 +a0/b;m"t^m"+b;m-1"t&m-1 444 +b0#
h]ausf^3uhrt und neue 9t]essante ,funk;n5 ]s*lies/4

------

''' *S ( 2R%? R POL,YNOME U R R"N3C F4KTJC
      F<T> 72A*N:T+N 6A*N@-#A:@
    T+N@-#A 6''' 6A*0 \ B*M:T+M,
    6B*M@-#A:T+M@-#A 6''' 6B*0; 
H]*SFHT U N<E 1968 F4KTJC ]:!T'

Braille Context

Some braille-only enclosures:

#<    #>
#[    #o
#(    #)

Displayed formula: Indent to Cell 7 at the starting line, and to cell 5 on the continuation lines. A continuation of the formula will be announced at the end of the line by the following delimiters:

Structure

font brackets: open: ,7close: '7