Norwegian Literary Code (2019)

Contents

Foreword 5
Preface to revised edition7
Introduction 8
1. Braille system 9
1.1 General 9
1.1.1 A bit of Braille history 9
1.2 The structure of Braille 11
1.2.1 With 6 points 11
1.2.2 With 8 points 11
1.3 Braille's system 12
1.4 The relationship between Braille and visual writing 15
2. Norwegian Braille 17
2.1 The Norwegian alphabet 17
2.2 Other letters 17
2.2.1 Letters used in Norwegian 17
2.2.2 The Sami alphabet 20
2.2.3 Letters in Old Norse, Icelandic and Faroese 21
2.3 Full and short font 22
2.4 Capitalization 23
3. Sentence characters 24
3.1 Period . . (3) 24
3.2 Comma , , (2) 25
3.3 Semicolon ; ; (23) 25
3.4 Colon : : (25) 26
3.5 Question mark ? ? (26) 27
3.6 Exclamation point ! + (235) 27
4. Enclosing sign 28
4.1 Round brackets ( ) ( ) (236 and 356) 28
4.2 Square brackets [ ] [ ] (12356 and 23456) 28
4.3 Braces { } '[ '] (6-12356 and 6-23456) 29
4.4 Quantity parenthesis { } 2 @ (126 and 345) 29
4.5 Less-than-signs and larger-than-ones used as enclosing characters 29
4.6 Quotation marks / (256) 29
5. Other general signs 31
5.1 Apostrophe '! (5) 31
5.2 Asterisk * * (35) 32
5.3 Et-character & 0 (346) 32
5.4 Section 0 (346) 32
5.5 Square sign (number sign) # # (3456) 33
6. Lines 34
6.1 Horizontal strokes 34
6.1.1 Common hyphen - - (36) 34
6.1.2 Long hyphen (from-to-line) – -- (36-36) 35
6.1.3 Dash and line line - -- (36-36) 35
6.1.4 Underline 36
6.2 Slash / \ (34) 36
7. Sign and help characters 38
7.1 Lowercase Latin letter < (56) 38
7.2 Uppercase Latin letter ' (6) 39
7.2.1 Several uppercase Latin letters in succession '' (6-6) 39
7.2.2 Two or more words in capital letters ''' ' (6-6-6 and 6) 40
7.3 Combination of uppercase and lowercase letters 40
7.4 Greek letters 42
7.5 Roman numerals 43
7.6 Number sign # (3456) 43
7.7 Distinction point ' (6) 43
7.8 Highlighting 44
7.8.1 General highlight sign ; < (23 and 56) 44
7.8.2 Other highlights 45
7.8.3 Other forms of highlighting 47
7.9 Facilitator's comment <. '; (56-3 and 6-23) 49
8. Number 51
8.1 Range of numbers signs 51
8.2 Numbers divided into digit groups 51
8.3 Fractions and mixed numbers 53
8.4 Time stamps 53
8.5 Bible references, etc 54
8.6 Number symbols that occupy one cell in Braille 56
9. Mathematical characters 57
9.1 Operators (numeracy characters) 57
9.2 Inequality signs 58
9.3 Fractions 59
9.4 Indices 59
9.5 Root characters √ 3 (146) 60
9.6 Percent and blood alcohol % $)(46-356) and ‰ $))(46-356-356) 61
9.7 Hyphen at line break 61
10. Measurement units 62
10.1 Denominations 62
10.2 degrees ° !) (5-356), minutes'! (5) and seconds'' !! (5-5) 63
10.3 feet , ! (5), inch '' !! (5-5) 64
10.4 Caliber . #. (3456-3) 64
11. Currency 65
11.1 crowns 65
11.2 euros € ? (26) 65
11.3 Pounds £L (123) 66
11.4 dollars $ / (256) 66
11.5 Currency sign ¤(m) (236-134-356) 67
11.6 Other Currencies 67
12. Special characters 68
12.1 Obvert @ " (4) 68
12.2 Reverse slash (backslash) \ 5 (156) 69
12.3 Underscore _ _ (456) 69
12.4 Tilde ~ 4 (1456) 69
12.5 Vertical bar | % (123456) 70
12.6 Escape Characters $/(256) 70
12.7 Control Characters ^$(46) 71
12.8 Characters with special Braille notation in edb 71
12.8.1 Less-than-sign and larger-than-sign 2@ (126 and 345) 71
12.8.2 percent % 6 (1246) 71
12.8.3 Quotation marks " ^ (2346) 72
12.8.4 Exclamation point ! '+ (6-235) 72
12.9 Hyphen on line break 72
13. Character combinations 74
13.1 Letters in circles 74
13.2 Combinations with slashes 75
13.3 Iconic Character Combinations 75
14. Diacritics 77
14.1 Universal accent 77
14.2 Characters above the letter 78
14.3 Characters under the letter 81
14.4 Characters through the letter 81
15. Special characters in languages 83
15.1 Text in foreign languages 84
15.2 Phonetic and phonemic transcription (audio script) 85
16. Point statements 87
16.1 Dash point - -- (36-36) 87
16.2 Bullet point ● ○ = (2356) 90
16.3 Other bullet markers 91
16.4 Multi-level dot line-up 91
16.4.1 Two levels 91
16.4.2 Three levels 93
16.4.3 Multiple levels 94
17. Footnotes and endnotes 95
READING TABLE 98
APPENDIX 102
1 Danish 103
2 Swedish 105
3 Finnish (and Swedish produced in Finland) 108
4 English 110
5 German 114
6 French 118
7 Spanish 122
8 Russian 124
9 Esperanto 126
10 The Greek alphabet in Braille 128
Braille Committee Publications 129
Bibliography 130
Index 132