Swedish writing rules for Braille are a collection of rules and recommendations for writing braille in Swedish. The book replaces the first edition that was published in 1997 the name General writing rules. The special one is also based on this edition Braille - Excerpts from General Writing Rules from 1998.
Swedish writing rules for braille have been developed by Lillemor Andersson, Stig Becker, Eva Björk, Catharina Johansson and Björn Westling on behalf of the Puncture Board. Ola Karlsson and Rickard Domeij at the Language Council, the first editor of Swedish writing rules and the latter member of The Braille Committee, has contributed to the work through review, discussions and advice - a big thank you to them. Through this new edition we hope to have further improved the possibilities of creating good and useful braille. -- Enskede, February 2009, Björn Westling
In 1825, the French presented Louis Braille (1809–1852) the writing system with raised points which is now the most common the script for the severely visually impaired in all countries. It soon became clear that the points were easier to understand with the feelings than the relief writings with lines that were previously in use. The shape and size of the various signs were also well-adapted to be read with the fingertips. The Braille was also easier to produce. With some simple tools could each one write himself, and one thus got both a reading and one printing system.
Braille's Braille has gradually been adapted to most national alphabets. Braille systems have also been developed different subject areas: musical notes, mathematics, phonetics etc. The Braille has developed its own appropriate layout as applies to headings, tables etc. Braille today.
This writing rule set contains the basic rules for Swedish Braille. For writing rules for the Swedish language reference is made to Swedish writing rules, published by the Language Council (Liber, 2008). The Braille Committee believes that braille should not be unnecessary Different from plain printed text (black print). It should be possible to write and edit a text and then optionally print it in black print or in braille without any major consideration Braille needs to be taken.
Special writing methods for Braille have therefore been avoided so far is possible and when the braille writing rules differ from the black print this is particularly pointed out.
It is of great importance that the braille that is reproduced is uniform. Braille writing rules should therefore be followed carefully. However, it is possible to depart from rules and recommendations There are good reasons for this, but it should then be pointed out in the produced text.
Changes in the second edition of Swedish writing rules for Braille
The number of changes to the character's appearance in Braille has been deliberate kept as few as possible. Some changes have nevertheless been made by different reason.
Some characters have previously had unfortunate selections in Braille, which has made them difficult to read and sometimes easy to use mix with other characters. Therefore, percent and the promille characters, the grade sign and the larger and smaller characters received new look in Braille.
The use of signs has previously not been so consistent as it would be desirable. For example, the sign ^ (p4) has been used both for the general writing style of letters with diacritics characters and for the different currency signs. The appearance of the currency sign was therefore ambiguous. This has now been changed by one another sign is used for currency signs. Even the one sign has new look for the same reason.
A new sign (dots 12456) has been introduced for mathematics characters, in this book there is point and cross as multiplication. The same is also used for degree characters sign.
Below are the most important changes and news in it second edition of Swedish writing rules for Braille
| Character | New Braille | Previous Braille | Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| % | ? | .0 | percent sign |
| ‰ | ?? | .00 | promille sign |
| ¢ | ^c | @c | cent sign |
| $ | ^s | @s | dollar sign |
| € | ^e | @e | euro signs |
| £ | ^l | @l | pound sign |
| ¥ | ^y | @y | yen sign |
| ° | ?g | @0 | degree sign |
| & | & | "+ | Ampersand |
| > | #o | o1 | greater than sign |
| < | #] | [' | less than characters |
| · | ]' | ' | multiplication (point) |
| × | ]x | x | multiplication characters (cross) |
Braille characters for marking single words (bold in first hand) and sign for exact marking of different font types:
Braille characters for marking multiple words (italics in first hand):
There are several ways to highlight or highlight words, expressions, or longer section in black writing. Here, above all, we take up the use Different types of style and how they can be reproduced in Braille Using different characters.
The font types described below are best used for the Short phrases, words and word parts, not for writing headlines. Headings are separated from other text by layout, blank lines, And more, see Section 9.1.
You should avoid highlighting longer sections of text by using the the Braille characters for different font types. Longer sections can be distinguished from other text by a different layout, such as the different indentations or by lines surrounding the section. See Further section 9.6. Within such a section, you can then Different characters for font types for example, select Bold and italic. To accurately reproduce black script fonts (typefaces), see section 3.4.4 below.
Single words or sections of text that are marked in black writing s p R should not be blocked in Braille – to avoid whitespace Inside words.
For a sample layout in Braille, see Chapter 9.