MathematiX Reference Card

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Contents

Navigating MathematiX with Floppy Disks

RAM drives users see page 10:3.

• From here -- To here -- This disk in drive -- Press this key
• Main -- Math -- MathematiX Menu Disk -- spacebar
• Math -- Main -- BEX Main Disk -- J
• Math -- Starting -- BEX Boot Disk -- spacebar
• Main -- Starting -- BEX Boot Disk -- spacebar

Tix Translation Tools

MathematiX begins in math mode. You must turn on literary mode before MathematiX can interpret any Grade 2 contractions. Details in Section 3, Part 2.

• @l -- (space, dot 4, lowercase l, space) turns on literary mode; becomes one space in your final output
• _@l -- (dots 4-5-6, space, dot 4, lowercase l, space) turns on literary mode without creating space in final output
• @m -- (space, dot 4, m, space) turns on math mode; becomes one space in your final output
• _@m -- (dots 4-5-6, space, dot 4, m, space) turns on math mode without creating space in final output
• @- -- (space, dot 4, dots 3-6, space) equivalent to @m
• _@- -- (dots 4-5-6, space, dot 4, dots 3-6, space) equivalent to _@m

Tix Spacing and Line Break Tools

Details in Section 3, Part 2.

• _ -- (dots 4-5-6, space) disappearing space is valid "space" for any math sequence. No space nor line break when tixed.
• @ -- (dot 4, space) discretionary line break produces no output space but gives permission to move to new output line. Use liberally in long math expressions (greater than 40 signs) to prevent program crashes.
• <control-S> -- sticky space is not valid space for translation. Always produces output space but not legal line break.

Tix Null Tool

The null tool "] dot 5, dots 1-2-4-5-6 "interrupts" sequences of characters to resolve ambiguity. Does not create a space, is not a legal place to break the line. Details in Section 3, Part 2.

• .k"] -- lowercase kappa with spaces on both sides (instead of equal sign)
• $l"] -- parallel to with spaces on both sides (instead of a new-line indicator)
• $p"] -- perpendicular to with spaces on both sides (instead of a paragraph indicator)
• @l"] -- pounds Sterling with spaces on both sides (instead of turn on literary mode)

Tix Vertical Tools

Use tix vertical tools after a Nemeth indicator that implies vertical movement: opening fraction indicator (simple, complex, or hypercomplex); directy-over indicator; or directly-under indicator. Or, combine with "superimposition" (save output position and restore it): dot 5, tix vertical tool, symbol(s), dots 1-2-4-5-6. Details in Section 4, Part 5; samples in Section 9.

• [<q -- (dots 2-4-6, 1-2-6, q) move up quarter of a character (2 pixels)
• [<h -- move up half of a character (4 pixels)
• [<o -- move up one character (8 pixels)
• [<x -- move up one and a half characters (12 pixels)
• [<d -- move up two characters (16 pixels)
• [<t -- move up three characters (24 pixels)
• [<f -- move up four characters (32 pixels)
• [%q -- (dots 2-4-6, 1-4-6, q) move down quarter of a character (2 pixels)
• [%h -- move down half of a character (4 pixels)
• [%o -- move down one character (8 pixels)
• [%x -- move down one and a half characters (12 pixels)
• [%d -- move down two characters (16 pixels)
• [%t -- move down three characters (24 pixels)
• [%f -- move down four characters (32 pixels)

Quick Guide to Screen Braille

As an aid to reading braille material in BEX's Editor, this chart lists the names of symbols alphabetically, followed by the braille cell equivalent.

• ASCII Symbol Name (Echo Version) -- Braille Cell
• uppercase or lowercase letters a through z -- braille cells a through z
• digits 1 through 0 -- dropped a through dropped j
• ampersand (and) -- &
• apostrophe -- '
• asterisk (star) -- *
• at sign -- @
• backslash -- \
• caret (up arrow) -- ^
• colon -- :
• comma -- ,
• dollar sign -- $
• equals sign -- =
• exclamation point -- !
• grave accent -- `
• greater-than -- >
• hyphen (dash) -- -
• left brace -- {
• left bracket -- [
• left parenthesis (left paren) -- (
• less-than -- <
• number sign -- #
• percent sign -- %
• period (point) -- .
• plus sign -- +
• question mark -- ?
• quote -- "
• right brace -- }
• right bracket (ready) -- ]
• right parenthesis (right paren) -- (
• semicolon -- ;
• slash -- /
• tilde -- ~
• underbar (underline) -- _
• vertical bar (vertical line) -- |

Inkprint Signs Requiring Non-Standard Nemeth Input

This list summarizes information presented throughout the MathematiX Manual.

• Punctuation in math mode: Always use dots 4-5-6 before literary comma, semicolon, colon, period, question mark, exclamation point, apostrophe, opening and closing inner and outer quotes.
• Typeform indicators: German, Greek, and Script indicators must precede each letter. Boldface indicator must precede each letter or digit.
• In-line fractions in mixed numbers: Don't begin the fraction with ? or _? , as these symbols cause MathematiX to tix a spatial fraction.
• Empty set: Enter @_0 , not _0 .
• Superimposition: MathematiX requires a multipurpose indicator " , then the first symbol, then a termination indicator ] , then the second symbol. Virtually any letters or inkprint signs can be superimposed. Samples in Section 4, Part 5; Section 5, Part 13.
• Binomial expressions: Use @b(x%y) instead of (x%y) . Samples in Section 5, Part 13.
• Summation and product: Use enlarged sigma .,,s and enlarged pi .,,p . Samples in Section 4, Part 4; Section 5, Part 13; Section 9.
• Modified integrals: To make a lower integral (with an underbar), enter "!%:] , not %! . To make an upper integral (with an overbar), enter "!<:] , not <! .
• Enlarged grouping symbols: Use when enclosed material contains more than two vertical levels--samples in Section 4, Part 4; Section 9.
• Signs of comparison inside circles: use superimposition, "$c]+ instead of standard Nemeth $c_$+] .
• Negated signs of comparison: mtx supports five symbols /.k /@e /,* /$l /$p . For any other, use superimposition of a slash, dash, or vertical bar.
• Parallel underbars or overbars: repeat the underbar or overbar. To show xyz with a triple underbar, use: """xyz%:]%:]%:] .
• Arrows compounded vertically: use the "directly over" or "directly under" modified expression. For example, "$33o%$[33] tixes a left arrow below a right arrow.
• Cancellation indicators: achieve this effect by superimposing one or more dashes on top of other material. For example, to show xy divided by xyz, with "xy" crossed out on the top and the bottom, enter: ?"----]xy/"----]xyz# . Each dash is entered with two hyphens -- dots 3-6, 3-6, and is one character wide.

Format Commands Supported for Inkprint Math Output

For details, see Section 4, Part 3.

MathematiX-Only Commands

• $$o -- overprint # times for each line of output. The more overprinting you specify, the darker your output--and the more time required for final printing.
• $$kb and $$kf -- keep together, begin and keep together, finish. As a pair prevent MathematiX from breaking a long math expression into two output lines.

Commands Modified from BEX

• $$c -- Center one line of text, from previous <CR>, $p, or $l
• $$h -- In literary mode, acts like plus underlining. In math mode, just like .
• $$ub -- begin underlining if you're in literary mode; ignored in math mode.

• <control-S> -- Always make a space here in the output and never break the line at this spot.

Commands Identical with BEX

• New line: $p $l or <CR>
• New paragraph: $p
• New output page: $f
• Line and paragraph spacing: $$l# $$s
• Left margin: $$ml# $$ml+# $$ml-# $$ml*
• Indent (relative to left margin): $$i# $$i-# $$i+
• Right margin: $$mr# $$mr+# $$mr-
• Page numbering: $$np $$n# <Del>
• Horizontal postioning: $$p# $$p+# $$p-
• Tabs: $$tc $$t# $$t* $$t-# $$t+# $$
• Reset to default: $$d clears header and restores $$ml0 $$mr0 $$l1 $$s2 $$i5.