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Worldwide Braille Codebooks from Duxbury Systems

This is a public webpage of a private resource from Duxbury Systems. Duxbury Systems is making this information public to help the world know more about braille. We are not making public certain resources which allow the direct generation of braille since these contain our intellectual property. However, we are revealing our uncontracted Arabic and Cyrillic html charts since these are so important to worldwide braille. Feel free to pass around the URL of this page.

We hope this increases your confidence in DBT, which is available for Windows and Mac. Feel free to e-mail us at languages@duxsys.com with additional resources not present here.Duxbury System, of course, offers no guarantee that this list is complete or up-to-date. We are lacking manuals from these European languages: Bosnian, Bulgarian, Icelandic, Lithuanian, and Macedonian. We also need additional resources from Asia and Africa.

UNESCO has played an important part by sponsoring three books about worldwide braille since the founding of the UN: World Braille Usage 1953, World Braille Usage 1990, and World Braille Usage 2013. Duxbury Systems is proud that we supplied the charts for the languages using non-Roman scripts found in World Braille Usage 2013. This, and the skill of the editing team hired by Perkins, has made World Braille Usage 2013 especially useful.

And now, a brief word about Wikipedia. By and large, Wikipedia cites World Braille Usage 2013 as its source, which is entirely appropriate. In a few places, World Braille Usage is not up-to-date. We have noticed this for Maltese and Vietnamese. We have tried to make sure that the Wikipedia is up-to-date. If you know of other instances where the references we cite are wrong, please email languages@duxsys.com so that the information presented here is as correct as possible.

For information on how Duxbury Systems meets the needs of users around the world, please see this article. Duxbury Systems would like to thank all the users around the world whose work, feedback, and reports have led to the continuous improvement to the software.

For many pdf's not written in English, we have a toc (Table of Contents) translated into English, set up so each item clicks into the foreign language pdf at the correct pdf page. When there is a language with contracted braille, we try to show if the contractions are discussed in the manual.

This list is divided into 6 regions:

Related Webpages:

History Webpages:

International Languages

Some languages, such as English, French, Spanish, Chinese, and Arabic, are spoken around the world. To locate these, please see the logical region of origin. This section is for "international" languages, such as Eperanto, and for braille systems used around the World.

🇺🇳 Biblical Original Languages

🇺🇳 Esperanto

🇺🇳 International Phonetics Alphabet (IPA)

Mathematics -- Mathematics in on a separate webpage

Music

🇺🇳 Semitic Language Transcription

Western Hemisphere

All Languages for this Region

🇺🇸 Cherokee

🇬🇧 English -- 🇬🇧 English in on a separate webpage

🇨🇦 Quebec French Variations

🇩🇰 Greenlandic

🇵🇾 Guaraní

🇺🇸 Hawaiian -- See section on Pacific Islands

🇮🇱 Hebrew/American -- similar, but different from Israeli Hebrew

Hmong (Romanized Popular Alphabet)

Iñupiaq

Mi'kmaw

Navaho

🇵🇹 Portuguese -- See section on Europe

🇵🇪 Quechua

🇪🇸 Spanish -- See setion on Europe

Europe

All Languages for this Region

🇦🇱 Albanian

🇷🇺 Bashkir

🇪🇸 Basque

🇧🇾 Belarusian

🇧🇦 Bosnian

🇧🇬 Bulgarian

🇦🇩 Catalan

🇷🇺 Chuvash

🇭🇷 Croatian

🇬🇧 Cymraeg -- see Welsh

🇨🇿 Czech

🇩🇰 Danish

🇳🇱 Dutch

🇪🇺 EBU Pharmaceutical

🇬🇧 English -- 🇬🇧 English in on a separate webpage

🇪🇪 Estonian

🇫🇴 Faroese

🇫🇮 Finnish

🇫🇷 French

🇪🇸 Galician

🇩🇪 German

🇬🇷 Greek

🇭🇺 Hungarian

🇮🇸 Icelandic

🇷🇺 Ingush

🇬🇧 Irish Gaelic

🇮🇹 Italian

🇻🇦 Latin

🇱🇻 Latvian

🇱🇹 Lithuanian

🇱🇺 Luxembourgish

🇲🇰 Macedonian

🇲🇹 Maltese

Moldovian -- See Romanian

🇲🇪 Montenegrin

🇳🇴 Norwegian

🇵🇱 Polish

🇵🇹 Portuguese

🇷🇴 Romanian

🇷🇺 Russian

🇳🇴 Sami

🇬🇧 Scottish Gaelic

🇲🇪 Serbian

🇸🇰 Slovak

🇸🇮 Slovene

🇪🇸 Spanish

🇸🇪 Swedish

🇷🇺 Tatar

🇹🇷 Turkish

🇷🇺 Udmurt

🇺🇦 Ukrainian

🇬🇧 Welsh

✡️ Yiddish

Asia

All Languages for this Region

Braille Production in Asia/Africa

🇸🇦 Arabic

🇦🇲 Armenian

🇮🇳 Assamese -- see Bengali

🇮🇳 Awadhi

🇦🇿 Azerbaijani

🇧🇩 Bengali

🇵🇭 Bicol

🇮🇳 Bhojpuri

🇭🇰 Cantonese/Yue (Hong Kong)

🇵🇭 Cebuano

🇨🇳 Chinese Mandarin

🇮🇳 Chittagonian

🇮🇷 Dari -- See Farsi

🇮🇳 Devanagari/Hindi

🇲🇻 Dhivehi (Maldive Islands)

🇧🇹 Dzongkha (Bhutan)

🇮🇷 Farsi (Persian, Iran)

🇵🇭 Filipino

🇬🇪 Georgian

🇮🇳 Gujarati

🇮🇳 Haryanvi

🇮🇱 Hebrew

🇵🇭 Hiligaynon

🇮🇳 Hindi -- See Devanagari

🇵🇭 Ilokano

🇮🇩 Indonesian

🇯🇵 Japanese

🇮🇩 Javanese

🇮🇳 Kannada

🇰🇿 Kazakh

🇷🇺 Khakas

🇮🇳 Khasi

🇰🇭 Khmer

🇰🇷 Korean

🇮🇶 Kurdish

🇮🇳 Kurukh

🇰🇬 Kyrgyz

🇱🇦 Lao

🇻🇦 Latin_script

🇨🇳 Lisu

🇮🇳 Magahi

🇮🇳 Maithili

🇲🇾 Malay

🇲🇾 Malayalam

🇮🇩 Mandurese

🇮🇳 Marathi

🇮🇳 Meitei

🇲🇳 Mongolian

🇲🇲 Myanmar (Burmese)

🇳🇵 Nepali

🇮🇳 Oriya

🇮🇳 Punjabi

🇦🇫 Pushto

🇮🇳 Sadri

🇮🇳 Sanskrit

🇮🇳 Santali

🇮🇳 Sindhi

🇱🇰 Sinhala

🇮🇩 Sundanese

🇮🇳 Sylheti

🇵🇭 Tagalog -- See Filipino

🇹🇯 Tajik

🇱🇰 Tamil

  • Braille Production in India (2018)
  • 🇱🇰 Tamil in Braille in Asia by Tetsuiji Tanaka, Japan Braille Library (pdf page 76)
  • 🇱🇰 Tamil from World Braille Usage 2013 (pdf page 73)
  • List of languages using 🇱🇰 Tamil script

    • 🇷🇺 Tatar

    🇮🇳 Telugu

    🇹🇭 Thai

    🇨🇳 Tibetan

    🇹🇷 Turkish -- See section on Europe

    🇹🇲 Turkmen

    🇵🇰 Urdu

    🇺🇿 Uzbek

    🇻🇳 Vietnamese

    ✡️ Yiddish -- See entry above in Europe

    Africa

    All Languages for this Region

    🇿🇦 Afrikaans

    🇪🇹 Amharic

    🇸🇦 Arabic -- See section on Asia

    🌍 Bassar

    🇲🇼 Chewa -- see Chinyanja

    🇿🇲 Chibemba

    🇲🇼 Chinyanja

    🇿🇲 Chitonga

    🇬🇭 Dagaare

    🇹🇬 Ewe

    🌍 Fula

    🇬🇭 Ga

    🇳🇬 Hausa

    🇳🇬 Igbo

    🇿🇦 isiNdebele

    🇿🇦 isiXhosa

    🇿🇦 isiZulu

    🇹🇬 Kabiye

    🇿🇼 Kalanga

    🇿🇲 Kikaonde

    🇨🇩 Kikongo

    🇷🇼 Kinyarwanda

    🇧🇮 Kirundi

    🇰🇪 Kiswahilli

    🇨🇩 Kituba

    🌍 Konkomba

    🇺🇬 Leb Lango

    🇨🇩 Luba Kasai

    🇿🇲 Lunda

    🇺🇬 Luganda

    🌍 Luvale

    🇲🇬 Malagasy

    🇹🇬 Moba

    🇿🇦 Ndebele -- see isiNdebele

    🇿🇦 Nguni -- see either isiXhosa or isiZulu

    🇪🇹 Oromo

    🇿🇦 Sepedi -- see Sotho

    🇿🇦 Sesotho -- see Sotho

    🇿🇼 Shona

    🇿🇲 Silozi

    🇿🇦 SiSwati

    🇸🇴 Somali

    🇿🇦 Sotho (Sepedi and Sesotho)

    🇰🇪 Swahilli -- see Kiswahilli

    🇿🇦 Swati -- see SiSwati

    🇪🇷 Tigrinya

    🇹🇬 Tem

    Tonga -- see Chitonga

    🇿🇦 Tshivenda

    🇿🇦 Tsonga -- see Xitsonga

    🇿🇦 Tswana

    🇬🇭 Twi

    🇦🇴 Umbundu

    🇿🇦 Venda -- see Tshivenda

    🌍 West African Languages

    🇿🇦 Xhosa -- see isiXhosa

    🇿🇦 Xitsonga

    🇳🇬 Yoruba

    🇿🇦 Zulu -- see isiZulu

    Pacific Islands

    All Languages for this Region

    🇵🇬 Dobuan

    🇬🇧 English

    🇫🇯 Fijian

    🇺🇸 Hawaiian

    🇵🇬 Huli

    🇵🇬 Kuanu

    🇳🇿 Maori

    🇵🇬 Motu

    🇵🇬 Pidgin

    🇼🇸 Samoan